No execution of code blocks upon export from org-mode to pdf

Question

What could possibly preventing execution of code blocks upon export to pdf, if org-export-babel-evaluate is t? :results is set to silent on the relevant codeblock but I don't think that should affect execution upon export.

If I set :exports to results the file outputted by the code block is inserted at the end of the document.

If I set :exports to both the file is inserted correctly (ie where the link is), but then the codeblock is of course also inserted. Neither is useful as I would just like the file generated by the codeblock to be inserted at the location of the link.

Example:

** CODE
#+begin_src clojure :var bc=case :colnames no :results silent :tangle ../src/roight/core.clj 
  (ns roight.core
    (:require [roight.org]
              [roight.sim]
              [incanter.core]
              [incanter.charts]
              [incanter.pdf]))

  (defn calc-bc [bc]
    (apply  #(- (* (+ %1 %2 %3) %5) (* %4 %5)) bc))

  (defn sample-business-case [case i]
    (map calc-bc (repeatedly i #(map roight.sim/sample case))))

  (let [business-case (roight.org/org-table->map bc)
        chart (incanter.charts/histogram (sample-business-case business-case 20000))]
    (incanter.core/view chart)
    (incanter.core/save chart "org/business-case.png"))
#+end_src
** Illustration
   #+CAPTION: Simulation of the business case
   #+NAME: fig:business_case_simulation
   [[./business-case.png]]

I am using Emacs 25.1.50.1 and org-mode 8.3.2 on OSX.

---

Remark by Tobias: The effect described by mac cannot be reproduced with the html-file export of the following example using an emacs-lisp code block, emacs 24.3.1 and org-mode 8.3.2. The figure is shown between the first and the second sentence -- as it is expected. This rises the question whether the problem is clojure-specific.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :exports results :results silent
(with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect "testsvg.svg")
  (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
  (insert "<svg version=\"1.1\" baseProfile=\"full\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">
  <rect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"red\"/>
  <text x=\"150\" y=\"125\" font-size=\"60\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Test</text>
</svg>")
  (save-buffer))
#+end_src
** Illustration
   The figure is placed below this first sentence.

   #+CAPTION: Simulation of the business case
   #+NAME: fig:business_case_simulation
   [[./testsvg.svg]]

   The figure is placed above this second sentence.

Answer 1

When you export to PDF the intermediate format is LaTeX. In LaTeX images with captions are exported as floats. They are saved in a stack and placed into the text where they fit best in the sense of the optimization algorithm implemented in LaTeX.

You can avoid this with the LaTeX attribute :float set to nil. See the corresponding orgmode manual section "Images in LaTeX export".

In the following I give a modified version of the example that I have added to your question. There I did not yet know that you actually want to export to PDF. The new version of the example contains an emacs-lisp code block that produces a png image. This org file can be exported to PDF (via LaTeX). Please, note the #+ATTR_LATEX line.

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :exports results :results silent
(with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect "testpng.png")
  (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
  (insert "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADIAAAAyCAIAAACRXR/mAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAA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")
  (base64-decode-region (point-min) (point-max))
  (save-buffer))
#+end_src
** Illustration
   The figure is placed below this first sentence.
   #+ATTR_LATEX: :float nil
   #+CAPTION: Simulation of the business case
   #+NAME: fig:business_case_simulation
   [[./testpng.png]]
   The figure is placed above this second sentence.

The following picture shows the pdf output with the :float attribute:

The following picture shows the pdf output without the :float attribute:

Answer 2

Since it inserts the result to the end of the document, I guess you might not have a #+RESULTS: tag after the code block. See some of the examles here http://orgmode.org/org.html#Header-arguments