the Name of Function defined in C

Question

I tried to use GDB to debug Emacs.
More specifically, I want to observe the behavior of a function written in C.

vertical-motion is a built-in function in ‘C source code’.

However, the name of a C function cannot contain a - (i.e., minus sign).
So GDB will complain when I type break vertical-motion.

I noticed that this function is defined by DEFUN (C macro?), which is weird to me:

DEFUN ("vertical-motion", Fvertical_motion, Svertical_motion, 1, 3, 0,
       doc: /* ... */)
  (Lisp_Object lines, Lisp_Object window, Lisp_Object cur_col)
{ ... }

What is a built-in function's C name?
(including those NOT defined by DEFUN if they exist)

Answer 1

The C function name is Fvertical_motion.

DEFUN is a macro defined in lisp.h. It is used to define C functions which are also visible as lisp functions.

/* Define a built-in function for calling from Lisp.
 `lname' should be the name to give the function in Lisp,
    as a null-terminated C string.
 `fnname' should be the name of the function in C.
    By convention, it starts with F.
 `sname' should be the name for the C constant structure
    that records information on this function for internal use.
    By convention, it should be the same as `fnname' but with S instead of F.
    It's too bad that C macros can't compute this from `fnname'.
 `minargs' should be a number, the minimum number of arguments allowed.
 `maxargs' should be a number, the maximum number of arguments allowed,
    or else MANY or UNEVALLED.
    MANY means there are &rest arguments.  Here we pass a vector
        of evaluated arguments in the form of an integer
        number-of-arguments followed by the address of a vector of
        Lisp_Objects which contains the argument values.  (We also use
        this convention when calling a subr with more than 8 parameters.)
    UNEVALLED means pass the list of unevaluated arguments
 `intspec' says how interactive arguments are to be fetched.
    If the string starts with a `(', `intspec' is evaluated and the resulting
    list is the list of arguments.
    If it's a string that doesn't start with `(', the value should follow
    the one of the doc string for `interactive'.
    A null string means call interactively with no arguments.
 `doc' is documentation for the user.  */

/* This version of DEFUN declares a function prototype with the right
   arguments, so we can catch errors with maxargs at compile-time.  */
#define DEFUN(lname, fnname, sname, minargs, maxargs, intspec, doc) \
...

If you search the C code for Fvertical_motion you will also find many direct calls to that name.

Answer 2

Provide a reference (from the manual) for @phils's answer;
Supplement the conversion convention for the name of the function.

E.7 Writing Emacs Primitives:

Here is a template for them:

DEFUN (lname, fname, sname, min, max, interactive, doc)

lname : This is the name of the Lisp symbol to define as the function name; ...

fname : This is the C function name for this function. This is the name that is used in C code for calling the function. The name is, by convention, ‘F’ prepended to the Lisp name, with all dashes (‘-’) in the Lisp name changed to underscores.

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As for the docstrings in the comments, although they may not be relevant, I just make a note here of one point of interest:

The others have placeholders beginning with ‘SKIP’, which are ignored by the function that parses the DOC file.